After what condition is hyperperfusion syndrome most commonly seen?

Hyperperfusion syndrome is most commonly seen following carotid endarterectomy, a surgical procedure aimed at reducing the risk of stroke by correcting stenosis in the common carotid artery. This syndrome occurs when there is an increased blood flow to the brain after the obstruction is removed. The sudden increase in cerebral blood flow can lead to a variety of cerebral complications, including headache, confusion, seizures, and in some cases, intracerebral hemorrhage.

This increased perfusion can be particularly problematic in patients who have pre-existing vascular changes or compromised blood-brain barrier integrity, since the sudden changes in blood flow may overwhelm the capacity of the tissue to adapt, resulting in damage.

In contrast, while conditions such as acute myocardial infarction and stroke recovery involve significant changes in blood flow and perfusion dynamics, they do not typically lead to the specific scenario of hyperperfusion syndrome, which is most closely associated with the removal of a major arterial blockage in the context of carotid endarterectomy. Likewise, the context of coronary artery bypass graft surgery predominantly involves myocardial circulation rather than the cerebral circulation affected in hyperperfusion syndrome.